Libranda Nativised Koine Liberty University LING MISC KOINEIZATION.docx 9 Sociolinguistics Maymester Notes.docx University Of Georgia LING 4860 English Sociolinguistics University Of Georgia LING 4860 Sociolinguistics Maymester Notes.docx notes 17.Since initiators indicate their authenticity in background information, and respondents make their right to advise legitimate on the basis of their own experience, these two discursive moves have important communicative functions ( Harvey Koteyko, 2013; Sillence, 2010 ).
Sociolinguistics A Reader And Coursebook Download As PDFFrom: Philosophy of Linguistics, 2012 Related terms: English Language Anthropology Linguistics Ethnology Research Workers Dialects Communicative Competence Competence Dialectology View all Topics Download as PDF Set alert About this page Sociolinguistics J.
![]() Holmes, in International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences, 2001 Sociolinguistics examines all aspects of the relationship between language and society. Sociolinguistic research in multilingual communities encompasses bilingual or diglossic communities, where languages are used for distinct functions, code-switching, including the reasons and grammatical constraints on switches, research on the reasons for language shift and death, as well as on pidgin and creole languages. Social dialectology or variationist sociolinguistics focuses on linguistic variation in monolingual communities, exploring social reasons for variation and change, and attitudes to different varieties of the same language. Variation in the way language is used to express or construct particular social identities in particular social contexts has been a recent focus of research, and is especially evident in studies of style. Pragmatic research overlaps with sociolinguistics in the identification of social and cultural patterns for expressing particular speech acts. Discourse analysis encompasses a range of approaches, many of which have been adopted by sociolinguists interested in exploring how individuals instantiate their social identities or ideological positions and objectives linguistically. ![]() View chapter Purchase book Read full chapter URL: Sociolinguistics Gerard Van Herk, in International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015 Interaction and Audience The ability of speakers to adjust their speech to specific situations has been a research interest of linguistic anthropologists, who work near the boundaries of sociolinguistics and have influenced the discipline. Although speech may be used to reveal or perform power imbalances, conversations are also generally collaborative enterprises. Sociolinguistics A Reader And Coursebook How To Deploy ResourcesBy interpreting interactions as jointly organized activity ( Sacks, 1984 ), conversational analysis looks at how participants work to organize and ease exchanges, by choosing when and how to deploy resources like discourse pairs (questionanswer), or a shared awareness of the roles and expectations of types of participants (e.g., customer, interviewer, teacher). Dell Hymes (1974) describes ways in which aspects of an interaction (such as setting, participants, emotional tone, or genre) can influence the language choices that speakers make. Work in this area also attempts to identify the components of specific speech events, or genre-related language choices. Work on genre has also recently become central to the highly quantitative field of corpus linguistics. Sociolinguists, on the other hand, have tended to focus on the participants in an interaction, more than on other Hymesian factors (which may reflect in part the fact that much sociolinguistic data is drawn from a single speech type, the interview). An influential article by Bell (1984) relates intraspeaker differences (i.e., style shifting) to the speakers understanding of audience: immediate audience members (addressees) have a greater effect on style shifting than more distant conversational participants, such as overhearers. In the terminology of Accommodation Theory ( Giles, 1973 ), speakers may attempt to sound more like their interlocutors (i.e., to converge ) through similar speech rate, vowel forms, or discourse markers to express solidarity. Or they may diverge, in order to differentiate themselves (for example, the working-class boys in Cheshire (1982) use even more nonstandard forms to their teachers than they do to their friends). More recent work on interaction (and on sociolinguistic variation more generally) tends to focus on the agency of speakers, as they use language to build up or perform an identity, to decide how to present themselves to others. The social meaning of the linguisticstylistic performance emerges from the performance itself, so that speakers can use language features for the social meaning they might carry, but at the same time each performance of identity subtly shifts the shared understanding of the meaning of the features used. In such a constructivist approach, speakers may choose to portray themselves differently in different situations, or for different audiences. This perspective problematizes long-held notions of authenticity, social categories, or even group consensus or membership. For example, speakers might use features associated with the language of a different ethnic group, in order to invoke the socio-symbolic associations of that group, a process generally referred to as crossing ( Rampton, 1995 ). The former refers to respondents, and the latter to initiators, each sharing their experiential world.
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